EMBEDDED PROJECTS

SIMULATOR: PROTEUS 8.0 SOFTWARE: KEIL 4.0 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: PIN DESCRIPTION OF LCD: PROGRAM: #include<avr/io.h>   // header file for AVR #include<util/delay.h> // header file for delay function void lcd_init(void); void lcd_command(char c); void lcd_data(char d); void str(char a[]); int main(void)    // main program   { DDRB=0XFF;  //  Select PORT B as an output port DDRD=0XFF; // Select PORT D as an output port lcd_init();      // initialize the lcd while(1)             // continuous loop   { str("WELCOME TO THE");  lcd_command(0xc0);                  // move cursor to the next line str("EMBEDDED SYSTEM"); lcd_command(0x01);           // clear display } } void lcd_init(void...

SIMULATOR:   PROTEUS 8.0 SOFTWARE: WIN AVR CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION: Here, LEDs are connected to the port b register of AVR. I have used the current-sinking arrangement. Therefore, I have provided logic 0 to turn on the LED and logic 1 to turn off the LED. PROGRAM: #include<avr/io.h>     void delay(unsigned int t); // delay function int main(void)     // main program { DDRB=0XFF;   //   Select PORT B as an output port while(1)              // continuous loop { PORTB=0X00;   // turned on the LEDs delay(10); // delay  PORTB=0XFF; // turned off the LEDs } } void delay(unsigned int t) // delay function { unsigned int i; for(i=0;i<1275*t;i++); } PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: DDRx: Here, DDR stands for data direction register and x represents the port number. Here, I have used port b. So, in place of x,I have written B. It is...